The field of self-literature on Palestine in English in the modern period has grown considerably over the past two decades. A significant number of Palestinian doctors, lawyers, writers, politicians, and scholars – among them Izz al-Din Abu al-Laysh, Suad Amiry, Hanan Ashrawi, Ibtisam Barakat, Mourid Barghouti, Ghada Karmi, Jean Said Makdisi, Sari Nusseibeh, Edward Said, Salwa Salem, Raja Shehadeh, and Jamil Toubbeh – have published memoirs and autobiographical texts written in or translated into English.